For any question concerning
the activities of the MAP HYDrology Working group you are free to contact
Prof. Roberto Ranzi at the University of Brescia, Department of Civil Engineering,
Via Branze 38, I-25123 BRESCIA (ITALY) ranzi@ing.unibs.it
Last modified 2003-12-03
WG-HYD news
R. RANZI, B. BACCHI and G. GROSSI - Runoff measurements and hydrological modelling for the estimation of rainfall volumes in an Alpine basin p.653
KARSTEN JASPER and PIRMIN KAUFMANN - Coupled runoff simulations as validation tools for atmospheric models at the regional scale p.673
Other MAP-HYDrology related papers are, for instance, the following:
Bacchi, B., G. Grossi, R. Ranzi and A. Buzzi, On the use of coupled mesoscale meteorological and hydrological models for flood forecasting in midsize mountain catchments: operational experience and verification, Proc. of the 2nd International Symposium on Flood Defence, Beijing, China, 10-13 September 2002, ed. by Wu et al., Science Press, New York Ltd., ISBN 1-880732-54-0, Vol II, 965-972, 2002.
Benoit, R., C. Schdr, P. Binder, S. Chamberland, H.C. Davies, M. Desgagni, C. Girard, C. Keil, N. Kouwen, D. Luethi, D. Maric, E. M|ller, P. Pellerin, J. Schmidli, F. Schubiger, C. Schwierz, M. Sprenger, A. Walser, S. Willemse, W. Yu and E. Zala. 2002. "The real-time ultrafinescale forecast support during the Special Observing Period of the MAP" Bulletin of the AMS (BAMS). Jan. 85-109.
Buzzi, A. and R. Ranzi, Verification of BOLAM precipitation forecasts for hydrological purposes using high density raingauge monitoring in the southern Alps, Proc. Int. Plinius Conference on "Mediterranean Storms", Baja Sardinia, 1-3 October 2001, 15-20, CNR, Roma, 2002.
Jasper K, Gurtz J, Lang H, 2002. Advanced flood forecasting in Alpine watersheds by coupling meteorological observations and forecasts with a distributed hydrological model. J. Hydrol. 267 (1-2): 38-50.
Kouwen, N. and R. Benoit, 2002. "Regional Forecasting of River Flows using a High Resolution Numerical Weather model coupled to a Hydrological Model." Proceedings, International Conference on Flood Estimation, Bern, Switzerland, March 6-8, 2002. In print.
Montaldo N., Toninelli V.,Mancini M., R. Rosso, “Coupling Limited Area Models with Distributed Hydrologic Models for Flood Forecasting: the Toce Basin Case Study”, IAHS publ. no. 274, 229- 236, 2002.
Montaldo N., Mancini M. and R. Rosso, “Flood Hydrograph Attenuation Induced by a Reservoir System Using a Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model”, Hydrologic Processes, in press, 2003.
Obled Ch.,
Bontron G. and Garçon R., 2002: Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts:
a statistical adaptation of model outputs through an analog sorting approach.
J. of Atmos. Res . 63, 3-4: 303-324.
Contents
1. Ranzi, R., Hydrological aspects in the Mesoscale Alpine Programme-SOP experiment: an overview tr01dicbs.pdf
2. Zappa M., Matzinger N., Gurtz J., Hydrological and Meteorological Measurements at Claro (CH)- Lago Maggiore Target Area in the MAP-SOP 1999 RIVIERA experiment including first evaluation.tr02mapikf.PDF
3. Falappi L., S. Barontini, A. Clerici, G. Grossi, E. Savoldi, R. Ranzi, Field and laboratory soil measurements in the Toce Valley (Italy), during the MAP-SOP 1999 TOCEX experiment. tr03dicbs.PDF (30 Mb)
4. S. Paloscia, G. Macelloni, P. Pampaloni, E. Santi, R. Ruisi Monitoring of soil moisture and vegetation biomass in the Toce Valley (Italy) by using micorwave radiometry. tr04iroe.PDF
5. Menziani M., S. Pugnaghi, Soil Moisture TDR Measurements at Pallanzeno - Lago Maggiore Target Area in the MAP-SOP 1999 TOCEX experiment.tr05unimo.PDF
6. E. Eccel, L. Sicher, Toller, G., The field and laboratory measurements of soil hydraulic properties in the MAP-SOP 1999 TOCEX experiment.tr06ismaa.PDF
7. Obled, Ch. and A. Djerboua, Quantitative precipitation forecasts: a real time exercise during the MAP experiment. tr07lthe.PDF
8.Grossi, G., B. Bacchi, L. Falappi, F. Gagni, R. Ranzi, Hydrometeorological monitoring in the Toce valley in the MAP-SOP 1999 TOCEX experiment. tr08dicbs.pdf and tr03dicbs_appendix.PDF (10 Mb + 40Mb)
9.Kouwen N. and J. Innes, Coupled MC2-Watflood flood forecasting tr09uw.pdf.
10.Montaldo, M., V. Toninelli, M. Mancini, J. D. Albertson and P. A. Troch, Estimation of actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture in the Pieve Vergonte case study tr10diiar.pdf.
11.Tagliazucca,
M., U. Giostra, L. Falappi, Measurements of turbulent fluxes in the surface
layer in the Domodossola-Siberia site during the MAP-SOP 1999 TOCEX experiment
tr11isao.pdf.
Thursday 28-Friday 29 October 'after rainfall soil moisture conditions' measurement campaign in Anzola, Pieve Vergonte, Villadossola, Druogno with a helicopter flight with MW antennas done (mission 2, flights 3 and 4).
The following experiments are framed
within the Project P3 and intend to give some answers to the questions
P3.1, P3.2 and P3.3 reported in the MAP Science Plan that can be
downloaded from the MAP Web site www.map.ethz.ch.
Soil moisture monitoring
TOCEX: The TOCe valley EXperiments
To study the role of soil moisture prior to flood events, some flights are planned in the Toce river valley (Val d'Ossola), in the Lago Maggiore target area with a passive microwave radiometer installed on a helicopter hired by CNR-IROE. The experiment intends to measure soil moisture conditions over some selected sites where some research teams will also measure ground and laboratory 'truth' soil moisture data for the antenna calibration and verification.
These field measurements will be valuable in any case to collect soil moisture data prior to some expected flood events to investigate the role of soil moisture as initial condition of the watershed system and as a soil state variable influencing the evapotranspiration fluxes, measured with micrometeorological stations.
As a result of several field surveys five sites (see Figure 1) have
been identified as test sites for ground soil moisture measurements: Pallanzeno
(8.260
° E, 46.047° N), Anzola (8.38 ° E, 45.9867 ° N),
Pieve
Vergonte (8.283 °E, 46.017° N), Villadossola and Druogno.
Figure 1 - The test sites in the Toce valley.
In the Pallanzeno test site TDR-soil moisture measurements began in March 1999 when a reserach unit of the Geophysical Observatory of the University of Modena installed 14 buriable TDR probes to measure soil moisture (volumetric water content) in the range 0-70 cm depth www.ossgeo.unimo.it/research/idrologia/index.html
During the first month of measurement the data were collected at six hours steps. The station is a wide meadow (140 m x 80 m) in front of the hydro-power plant (ENEL) of Pallanzeno, close to Toce river (Lago Maggiore test site). Three probes have been installed vertically to measure the mean soil moisture of a 20 cm depth layer. The other 11 probes were buried horizontally to measure the volumetric water content in a thin horizontal layer of 5 cm depth.
In the Pieve Vergonte site micrometeorological (including eddy-correlation and Bowen Ratio instrumentation) measurements are carried out since June 1999 by the research team at the Polytechnic of Milan (see Figure 2). In Anzola the University of Brescia (UNIBS) installed a soil moisture (1 hour sampling in continuous time) and rainfall monitoring station.
In Villadossola (see Figure 1) CNR-ISIATA and CNR-ISAO installed the following micrometeorological instruments, operational since 1999 sept 04 at 19:00:
-SODAR.
- Sonic anemometer;
- Hygrometer;
- Thermo-hygrometer;
installed on a 10 m mast. Also
-a net radiation radiometer
-a global radiation radiometer
-a barometer (860-1060 mbar).
-a ground heat flux
-a soil temperature 4 array at -1, -10, -25, -50 cm depth
have been installed. Statistics of mean and st. dev. e15 minutes are collected.
The measurement campaign in this site is done in coordination with the PBL WG also.
In all the above four sites soil moisture
measurements are being done during the Map-SOP to investigate the influence
of soil moisture on evapotranspiration fluxes also.
Figure 2: The Pieve Vergonte PBL stations (operated by the POLIMI team) and the Tessenderlo meteorological station.
The first three flights have been done during last September 22 and 23 mission, after a flood event. In Anzola some bare soil fields have been prepared with a controlled roughness and grass cover.
- Wednesday 22 September: L-band (H pol.) and C-band (H and V pol.) at 15-20° incidence angle; flight: take off 15:30 - landing 16:00
- Thursday 23 September: L-band (H pol.) and C-band (H and V pol.) at 15-20° incidence angle; I flight: take off 11:20 - landing 13:30, II flight: take off 15:30 - landing 16:30
The second mission with four flights
with different MW antennas configuration has been done October 28 and 29
during the soil drying phase after the October 21-25 rainfall event. As
an example the Figure 3 represents the 'signature' of the Anzola field
using the 6.8 GHz antenna with Vertical and Horizontal polarisation.
- Thursday 28 October: L-band (H pol.) and C-band (H and V pol.) at 15° incidence angle; I flight: take off 13:00 landing 13:30m, II flight: take off 16:00 landing 16:30
- Friday 29 October: I flight: X-band, 50° incidence angle, (H and V pol.), take off 12:00 landing 13:00 II flight: X-band, 20° incidence angle, (H and V pol.), take off 15:00 landing 15:30
Figure 3: the 6.8 GHz
'signature' of the Anzola field during the October 29 mission (by courtesy
of S.Paloscia, CNR-IROE).
The teams involved in this experiment were:
Universita' di Brescia (UNIBS)
R. Ranzi, ranzi@bsing.ing.unibs.it- tel 0039-030-3715520, fax 0039-030-3715503
G. Grossi, grossig@bsing.ing.unibs.it
L. Falappi, S. Barontini
CNR-IROE
S. Paloscia, paloscia@iroe.fi.cnr.it
P. Pampaloni, pampa@iroe.fi.cnr.it
ISMAA-Istituto Agrario di S. Michele all'Adige
G. Toller, toller@ismaa.it
E. Eccel, emanuele.eccel@ismaa.it
Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)
M. Mancini, mmancini@idra1.iar.polimi.it
N. Montaldo, montaldo@idra1.iar.polimi.it
Universita' di Modena (UNIMO)
S. Pugnaghi, sergiop@rainbow.unimo.it
M. Menziani, marilena@rainbow.unimo.it
GIETH
J. Gurtz, gurtz@ezksun.unizh.ch
The missions were planned in connection with the MOC and the POC.
For this type of experiment the helicopter
needs flew at a height lower than 300 m (1.000 ft).
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Figure 4 : The flight track of the helicopter used for the microwave soil moisture monitoring in the Toce valley. The white squares indicate the position of two of the fields (Anzola and Villadossola) where the soil moisture will be measured. On the right side the location of the Riviera test site.
The experiments of the Italian teams are partially funded by the CNR "Progetto Strategico MAP-SOP" research grant, coordinated by CNR-ISAO"
The Riviera valley soil moisture measurements.
Other sites of measurements of soil moisture in connection with PBL equipments have been identified in the Ticino Valley (see Figure 5) and are operated by GIETH.
3 TDR soil measurement sites in a altitudinal profile near Claro in the Riviera valley with hourly automatical measurements have been installed.
- one under corn field at the valley bottom in depths from 5cm to 1m
- one under chestnut trees at the hillside in depths from 15 cm to 1m
- one under meadow at the upper hillside (in Maruso) in a depht of 25 cm.
These measurements are connected with measurements of soil heat fluxes and the different meteorological elements in the RIVIERA project.
Besides this we have installed 3 tubes (with a depht of about 80 cm) for operational TDR soil moisture measurements in the different catchment areas, which can be also used for the estimation of inital soil moisture conditions of the operational flood modelling of UW.
- one in the Maggia valley near the village Maggia
- one in the Verzasca valley near the village Brione
- one in the Blenio valley near the village Dongio.
Soil moisture measurements are done on a weekly basis and in the case of an expected flood event immedatly.
Figure 5 - The soil moisture test sites in the Ticino watershed operated by GIETH.
Flood forecasting
The University of Waterloo-UW and the University of Brescia-UNIBS have implement flood forecasts using hydrological flood models forced by rainfall observations and NWP fields (at least precipitation and air temperature) that were available during the SOP for the Lago Maggiore and the Ammer area. The meteorological Limited Area Models used were the BOLAM-3, jointly implemented by CNR-ISAO and the Dept. of Physics of the University of Genova-CMIRL (maps available there), and the MC2-SM run at the Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico (CSCS) in Manno. Numerical products of BOLAM-3 for the Ticino-Toce area were available at the ftp site cmeteo.fisica.unige.it port 27since September 2.
UW and DICBS have issued the first coupled flood forecasts on an event basis since the 2nd decade of September).
The streamgauges for which the forecasts were be issued are selected among those existing in the Lago Maggiore target area and indicated in the Figure 6, and in the Ammer watershed (UW), in the Bavarian Alps. UNIBS implemented flood forecasting on an event-basis, UW on a continuous-time basis for most of the SOP. Details on the stations and the 'RAPHAEL' format for stations, meteorological and hydrological models data can be found in the files contained in the raphaelformap.zip archive at the anonymous ftp site cividra2.ing.unibs.it.
The UNIBS experiment is documented in :
Ranzi, R., B. Bacchi, G. Grossi, A. Buzzi, P. Malguzzi, C. Ratto, e
M. Corazza, Previsioni di piena mediante un modello idrologico e un modello
meteorologico ad area limitata: alcune esperienze applicative durante l'esperimento
M.A.P.-S.O.P., XXVII Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Genova
12-15 settembre 2000 (submitted).
Data exchange
\ismaa \bolam3 (BOLAM-3 LAM results)
\ismaa \dicbs (Flood forecasting results, soil moisture and raingauge measurements)
\ismaa \enel (reservoir level and daily rainfall at 4 stations in the upper Toce valley)
\ismaa \gieth (reservoir level in Ticino-Maggia and soil moisture data)
\ismaa \iroe (MW antenna soil monitoring)
\ismaa \ismaadige (soil moisture monitoring)
\ismaa \lthe (LTHE-EDF-METEO FRANCE precipitation forecast)
\ismaa \polimi (soil moisture monitoring and mircrometeorological station)
\ismaa \rp (Regione Piemonte precipitation and river level data)
\ismaa \unimo (soil moisture monitoring)
\ismaa \uw (Flood foreacsting results)
Also the INPG
LTHE Grenoble (F) group coordinated by Charles Obled contributed to the
SOP. The objective of their numerical experiment is to evaluate the capacity
of issuing early warnings of intense rainstorms over sensitive catchments
(typical size: 100 to 1 000 km²), here the Toce catchment, with leadtimes
of 1 to 5 days in advance. The technique used is based on Meteorological
Model Output Statistics and can be termed a Downscaling method. More precisely,
it uses an Analogue sorting technique. The variable to predict is the daily
amounts of basin average rainfall over a given catchment, using, as predictor,
the pressure fields (geopotential) at 2 standard levels 700 and 1000 mb
at universal time 00 and 24 hours. The transmission of the forecasts to
the WG-HYD began in August.
Figure 6 - Ticino-Toce
watershed: the existing hydrometric stations (non real-time in white squares;
real-time in grey circles).
Raingauge special monitoring
The installation of network of 13 additional
raingauges in the Val d'Ossola (Toce) valley has beeen completed. The objective
is to enhance the density of the operational networks and contribute to
monitoring orographic precipitation. 12 portable raingauges (property of
UW) and one fixed raingauge (property of UNIBS) are installed in the Anza
river valley (Val Anzasca, see Figure 7), upstream Piedimulera to Macugnaga.
Also the Melezzo river valley (Val Vigezzo), upstream Domodossola to Druogno
is a candidate area for installing 3 additional portable raingauges. The
stations are operated by UNIBS. To finalize the site selection a contribution
from teams interested in precipitation and radar monitoring is welcome.
Data have been transmitted to the MDC. A summary description of the network
and the data can be found in http://civserv.ing.unibs.it/utenti/ranzi/MAP/SOP/TOCEX/rainweb/index.htm
Figure 7 - One of the raingauges (property of UW and operated by UNIBS) installed in Val Anzasca, a lateral valley of Toce.
In summary, the research teams that confirmed
their involvement in the 'hydrological' MAP-SOP activities are those reported
in the following Table 1.
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| 124a | University of Brescia (UNIBS)-I | Soil moisture measurements | Lago Maggiore-Anzola | Roberto Ranzi | R.Ranzi,
ranzi@bsing.ing.unibs.it
- and fax 0039-030-3715503 or tel 0039-030-3715520,
G. Grossi & B. Bacchi |
|
| Hydrographic Services-I | Telehydrometers
|
Lago Maggiore-Toce | POC | Data available through POC | ||
| 87a | Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI)-I | Soil moisture measurements and turbulent fluxes | Lago Maggiore- Pieve Vergonte | Marco Mancini | M.
Mancini,
fax 0039-02-23996207 or tel 0039-030-02-23996209, N. Montaldo,
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|
| 114 | Istituto Agrario di San Michele a.Adige (ISMAA)-I | Soil moisture measurements | Lago Maggiore- Anzola | Giambattista Toller | G.
Toller, toller@ismaa.it
Tel 0039-0461 615374 Fax 0039-461 650956 And E. Eccel, emanuele.eccel@ismaa.it
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| 130 | University of Modena (UNIMO)-I | Soil Moisture measurements with Time Domain Reflectometer | Lago Maggiore- Pallanzeno | Marilena
Menziani /
Sergio Pugnaghi |
M.
Menziani, marilena@rainbow.unimo.it
Tel.0039-059 37 07 03 Fax 0039-059 37 31 80 S. Pugnaghi, sergiop@rainbow.unimo.it
|
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| INPG-LTHE Grenoble-F | Precipitation forecast | Grenoble remote for Toce area | Charles
Obled/
Olivier Loubeau |
C.
Obled
|
e-mail distribution of QPFs | |
| 124 c | CNR-IROE-I | 1.4 Ghz passive MW antenna during flight | Lago Maggiore-Toce | Simonetta Paloscia | S.
Paloscia, paloscia@iroe.fi.cnr.it
Tel 0039+ 55 4235 220 Fax 0039+ 55 4235 290 And P. Pampaloni, pampa@iroe.fi.cnr.it
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| 147a,b,c | GI-ETH-CH | Soil Moisture measurements with Time Domain Reflectometers | Lago
Maggiore-Claro, Maruso,
Alpe di Motto |
Joachim Gurtz | J. Gurtz, gurtz@ezksun.unizh.ch | The possibility of a survey in the Toce sites is also considered |
| National Hydrographic Service-CH | Telehydrometers | Lago Maggiore | Bruno Schaedler | Data available through WWW | ||
| University of Waterloo (UW)-CAN | Flood
forecasting
Lago Maggiore and Ammer |
MOC/Remote | Nick Kouwen | N.
Kouwen, kouwen@sunburn.uwaterloo.ca
|
||
| University of Brescia-I | Flood
forecasting
Toce |
POC/Remote | Roberto
Ranzi/
Giovanna Grossi |
R.Ranzi,
ranzi@bsing.ing.unibs.it
- and fax 0039-030-3715503 or tel 0039-030-3715520,
G. Grossi and B. Bacchi |
||
| University of Waterloo-CAN | Precipitation monitoring with 12 raingauges | Toce Valley (Val Anzasca or Val Vigezzo) | Nick Kouwen | N.
Kouwen, kouwen@sunburn.uwaterloo.ca
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Raingauges installed and operated by UNIBS | |
| University of Brescia-I | Precipitation monitoring with 1 raingauge and operation of the 12 UW raingauges | Lago Maggiore-Anzola | Baldassare
Bacchi/
Roberto Ranzi
|
B.
Bacchi fax 0039-030-3715503,
R.Ranzi, ranzi@bsing.ing.unibs.it - and tel 0039-030-3715520,
|
Table 1 - The research
teams involved in the activities of the MAP-SOP that are of peculiar interest
for hydrology (Project P3).